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Challenge Statement

How might we develop an internal repair solution for leaking underground potable water pipelines that maintains structural integrity and water quality whilst minimising excavation and service interruption?

Challenge Owners

  • Pipeline Design and Resilience Specialist Team, Water Supply (Network) Department


Background & Current Practice

Singapore's water supply network comprises an extensive system of underground pipelines requiring regular maintenance to ensure uninterrupted water supply. The current leak repair methodology presents significant challenges as it is labour-intensive and affects public convenience.

Upon discovering a leak in the water pipeline network, the team in charge of repairs must follow a complex, multi-step procedure. The process begins with isolating and dewatering the affected pipeline section, which temporarily disrupts water supply to the surrounding area. Teams must then excavate the road or soil to reach the underground pipeline—a particularly demanding task in Singapore's densely developed urban landscape.

Repairs typically involve either fitting external repair clamps or replacing leaking pipe sections completely. Subsequently, the site requires careful backfilling and road surface restoration to its original state. This process is not only resource-intensive and expensive but also causes prolonged disruption to water supply and traffic flow.

In Singapore's context, where urban density is high and underground space increasingly congested, the current repair methods present substantial logistical challenges. The situation demands innovative solutions to minimise excavation requirements, shorten repair times and reduce potential disruption to both water supply and urban activities.

Current Technlogy Status

Current repair methods require full isolation, dewatering, and excavation to replace damaged pipe sections. For leaks caused by small holes, clamping the pipe is another common repair method that does not require a shutdown but still requires excavation at the leak location. However, there are currently no widely adopted solutions for in-situ repairs under pressure, limiting the ability to conduct repairs without water supply interruption or major excavation.

We are seeking innovative solutions for internal pipe repairs that are deployable through existing network access points or via minimal keyhole excavations, thereby minimising service disruption. These access points may include hydrants, air valves and access manholes.

The proposed solution must effectively repair pipe leaks whilst maintaining the network's structural integrity and water quality standards. To ensure minimal customer impact, the solution should also allow repairs to be carried out with little to no water supply interruption, with any necessary shutdown kept to within 2 hours to facilitate the repair works.

Successful implementation will revolutionise PUB's water supply network maintenance by substantially reducing reliance on traditional open-cut repairs. This approach will yield significant cost savings through reduced excavation and reinstatement works, whilst minimising traffic disruption and impact on businesses and residents.

A. Operational Requirements

  1. The solution shall provide a durable repair, ideally with a 50-years design life and incorporate a method to precisely locate the leaks along the pipeline.
  2. The solution must effectively restore structural integrity to withstand:
    1. Internal operating pressures typical of water supply networks
    2. External ground and traffic loads where applicable
    3. Dynamic hydraulic stresses, including water hammer effects

B. Implementation Context

  1. The solution shall be compatible with typical pipe materials used in the network, specifically steel and ductile iron.
  2. The solution shall be applicable across pipe diameters ranging from 100mm and 300mm as a priority, with potential adaptability for larger sizes from 500mm to 2,200mm.
  3. The solution shall effectively repair corrosion-induced holes, which are commonly encountered in the network. Additional capability to repair circumferential and longitudinal cracks would be advantageous. We acknowledge that different leak types may require specific repair techniques and welcome solutions targeting particular failure modes rather than a universal approach.
  4. The solution shall be applicable to straight pipe sections and, ideally, to bends, ensuring comprehensive coverage across various pipeline configurations.

C. Compliance and Safety

  1. All repair materials must comply with SS 375: Part 1: 2015 “Suitability of non-metallic materials and products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water.
  2. The repair solution must not:
    1. Introduce any contaminants into the water supply
    2. Affect water taste, odour, or aesthetic qualities
    3. Impact water turbidity levels

By the end of the pilot, the project should aim to develop and demonstrate an internal repair method that can effectively seal pipe leaks while maintaining water supply operations. The demonstration must validate the following:

  1. The solution is deployable via existing network access points (hydrants, air valves, access manholes) or require only minimal keyhole excavations.
  2. The solution allows repairs to be carried out with little to no water supply interruption, with any necessary shutdown kept to within 2 hours to facilitate the repair works.
  3. The repair can achieve a complete seal of the leak that withstands typical operating conditions for a testing period of at least 6 months. A monitoring method for the repaired section must be proposed to demonstrate the repair's effectiveness and durability.

The pilot project is to be completed within a period of 18 months.

The suggested project scope and timeline are outlined below, noting that specific timelines and activities may vary depending on the technology type and maturity. You may propose alternative timelines and activities.

Milestone 1: Laboratory/Simulated Testing and Site Surveys (3 - 6 months)

  1. Develop and test repair materials and application methods in a controlled environment
  2. Conduct pressure testing and accelerated ageing tests
  3. Site surveys and optimise deployment procedures

Milestone 2: Field Trials (6 - 9 months)

  1. Perform repairs on test sections
  2. Monitor repair performance through pressure logging

Milestone 3: Documentation (1 month)

  1. Document repair effectiveness
  2. Develop standard operating procedures

If the pilot demonstrates successful outcomes, PUB would be interested in implementing the solution through a service model. Solution providers which are not based in Singapore would need to set up operations in Singapore or partner with a Singapore-based contractor to deliver the service.

Challenge Owners

  • Pipeline Design and Resilience Specialist Team, Water Supply (Network) Department


Background & Current Practice

Singapore's water supply network comprises an extensive system of underground pipelines requiring regular maintenance to ensure uninterrupted water supply. The current leak repair methodology presents significant challenges as it is labour-intensive and affects public convenience.

Upon discovering a leak in the water pipeline network, the team in charge of repairs must follow a complex, multi-step procedure. The process begins with isolating and dewatering the affected pipeline section, which temporarily disrupts water supply to the surrounding area. Teams must then excavate the road or soil to reach the underground pipeline—a particularly demanding task in Singapore's densely developed urban landscape.

Repairs typically involve either fitting external repair clamps or replacing leaking pipe sections completely. Subsequently, the site requires careful backfilling and road surface restoration to its original state. This process is not only resource-intensive and expensive but also causes prolonged disruption to water supply and traffic flow.

In Singapore's context, where urban density is high and underground space increasingly congested, the current repair methods present substantial logistical challenges. The situation demands innovative solutions to minimise excavation requirements, shorten repair times and reduce potential disruption to both water supply and urban activities.

Current Technlogy Status

Current repair methods require full isolation, dewatering, and excavation to replace damaged pipe sections. For leaks caused by small holes, clamping the pipe is another common repair method that does not require a shutdown but still requires excavation at the leak location. However, there are currently no widely adopted solutions for in-situ repairs under pressure, limiting the ability to conduct repairs without water supply interruption or major excavation.

We are seeking innovative solutions for internal pipe repairs that are deployable through existing network access points or via minimal keyhole excavations, thereby minimising service disruption. These access points may include hydrants, air valves and access manholes.

The proposed solution must effectively repair pipe leaks whilst maintaining the network's structural integrity and water quality standards. To ensure minimal customer impact, the solution should also allow repairs to be carried out with little to no water supply interruption, with any necessary shutdown kept to within 2 hours to facilitate the repair works.

Successful implementation will revolutionise PUB's water supply network maintenance by substantially reducing reliance on traditional open-cut repairs. This approach will yield significant cost savings through reduced excavation and reinstatement works, whilst minimising traffic disruption and impact on businesses and residents.

A. Operational Requirements

  1. The solution shall provide a durable repair, ideally with a 50-years design life and incorporate a method to precisely locate the leaks along the pipeline.
  2. The solution must effectively restore structural integrity to withstand:
    1. Internal operating pressures typical of water supply networks
    2. External ground and traffic loads where applicable
    3. Dynamic hydraulic stresses, including water hammer effects

B. Implementation Context

  1. The solution shall be compatible with typical pipe materials used in the network, specifically steel and ductile iron.
  2. The solution shall be applicable across pipe diameters ranging from 100mm and 300mm as a priority, with potential adaptability for larger sizes from 500mm to 2,200mm.
  3. The solution shall effectively repair corrosion-induced holes, which are commonly encountered in the network. Additional capability to repair circumferential and longitudinal cracks would be advantageous. We acknowledge that different leak types may require specific repair techniques and welcome solutions targeting particular failure modes rather than a universal approach.
  4. The solution shall be applicable to straight pipe sections and, ideally, to bends, ensuring comprehensive coverage across various pipeline configurations.

C. Compliance and Safety

  1. All repair materials must comply with SS 375: Part 1: 2015 “Suitability of non-metallic materials and products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water.
  2. The repair solution must not:
    1. Introduce any contaminants into the water supply
    2. Affect water taste, odour, or aesthetic qualities
    3. Impact water turbidity levels

By the end of the pilot, the project should aim to develop and demonstrate an internal repair method that can effectively seal pipe leaks while maintaining water supply operations. The demonstration must validate the following:

  1. The solution is deployable via existing network access points (hydrants, air valves, access manholes) or require only minimal keyhole excavations.
  2. The solution allows repairs to be carried out with little to no water supply interruption, with any necessary shutdown kept to within 2 hours to facilitate the repair works.
  3. The repair can achieve a complete seal of the leak that withstands typical operating conditions for a testing period of at least 6 months. A monitoring method for the repaired section must be proposed to demonstrate the repair's effectiveness and durability.

The pilot project is to be completed within a period of 18 months.

The suggested project scope and timeline are outlined below, noting that specific timelines and activities may vary depending on the technology type and maturity. You may propose alternative timelines and activities.

Milestone 1: Laboratory/Simulated Testing and Site Surveys (3 - 6 months)

  1. Develop and test repair materials and application methods in a controlled environment
  2. Conduct pressure testing and accelerated ageing tests
  3. Site surveys and optimise deployment procedures

Milestone 2: Field Trials (6 - 9 months)

  1. Perform repairs on test sections
  2. Monitor repair performance through pressure logging

Milestone 3: Documentation (1 month)

  1. Document repair effectiveness
  2. Develop standard operating procedures

If the pilot demonstrates successful outcomes, PUB would be interested in implementing the solution through a service model. Solution providers which are not based in Singapore would need to set up operations in Singapore or partner with a Singapore-based contractor to deliver the service.

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