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What is Desalination?

Desalination is an energy-intensive water source. It is a process which produces pure drinking water by pushing seawater through membranes to remove dissolved salts and minerals.

Singapore currently adopts reverse osmosis for its desalination, which uses about 3.5kWh/m3 of energy to make seawater drinkable. PUB is constantly exploring ways to reduce the energy required to ensure the sustainability of desalinated water. Please click here to find out more on PUB’s water-related research and development.

Our Desalination Plants

There are currently 5 desalination plants in Singapore. Find out more about each of our desalination plants below.

The opening of SingSpring Desalination Plant, our first desalination plant, in September 2005 established Singapore’s fourth National Tap – Desalinated Water. The plant is located in Tuas.

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Here’s how the treatment process works:

Treatment-Process-SDP

Officially opened in 2013, Tuas South Desalination Plant (formerly Tuaspring Desalination Plant) is the largest desalination plant in Singapore. Tuas South Desalination Plant came under PUB’s ownership in 2019. It uses advanced desalination technology namely ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.

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Here’s how the treatment process works:

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Officially opened in 2018, Tuas Desalination Plant is Singapore’s first desalination plant to use advanced pre-treatment technology that combines dissolved air-flotation and ultrafiltration, which reduces membrane fouling when treating seawater and enhances operational efficiency.

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It is also Singapore’s first desalination plant to be fitted with solar panels – more than half its roof space is covered with panels that can generate enough electricity to power over 300 HDB four-room flats annually.

It was conferred "Desalination Plant of the Year" at the Global Water Awards 2019.

Here’s how the treatment process works:

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Officially opened in 2020, the Keppel Marina East Desalination Plant is Singapore’s first dual-mode desalination plant with capability to treat either seawater during dry weather or freshwater drawn from the Marina Reservoir during rainy weather. The plant achieves multiple land use with treatment facilities located underground, and green roof integrated with public open space for community recreation.

It was conferred "Desalination Plant of the Year" at the Global Water Awards 2021.

keppel
Photo credit: Keppel
The Jurong Island Desalination Plant was officially opened in April 2022. Its co-location with Tuas Power’s Tembusu Multi-Utilities Complex (TMUC) allows it to derive synergies in resources such as seawater-intake and energy, making it about 5% more energy-efficient than conventional desalination plants.

Jurong
Photo credit: Tuas Power
The opening of SingSpring Desalination Plant, our first desalination plant, in September 2005 established Singapore’s fourth National Tap – Desalinated Water. The plant is located in Tuas.

img

Here’s how the treatment process works:

Treatment-Process-SDP

Officially opened in 2013, Tuas South Desalination Plant (formerly Tuaspring Desalination Plant) is the largest desalination plant in Singapore. Tuas South Desalination Plant came under PUB’s ownership in 2019. It uses advanced desalination technology namely ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.

alt

Here’s how the treatment process works:

img
Officially opened in 2018, Tuas Desalination Plant is Singapore’s first desalination plant to use advanced pre-treatment technology that combines dissolved air-flotation and ultrafiltration, which reduces membrane fouling when treating seawater and enhances operational efficiency.

alt

It is also Singapore’s first desalination plant to be fitted with solar panels – more than half its roof space is covered with panels that can generate enough electricity to power over 300 HDB four-room flats annually.

It was conferred "Desalination Plant of the Year" at the Global Water Awards 2019.

Here’s how the treatment process works:

alt
Officially opened in 2020, the Keppel Marina East Desalination Plant is Singapore’s first dual-mode desalination plant with capability to treat either seawater during dry weather or freshwater drawn from the Marina Reservoir during rainy weather. The plant achieves multiple land use with treatment facilities located underground, and green roof integrated with public open space for community recreation.

It was conferred "Desalination Plant of the Year" at the Global Water Awards 2021.

keppel
Photo credit: Keppel
The Jurong Island Desalination Plant was officially opened in April 2022. Its co-location with Tuas Power’s Tembusu Multi-Utilities Complex (TMUC) allows it to derive synergies in resources such as seawater-intake and energy, making it about 5% more energy-efficient than conventional desalination plants.

Jurong
Photo credit: Tuas Power